Single isotropic scattering approximation. Sato H (1977) Energy propagation including scattering effects. Roecker SW, Tucker B, King J, Hatzfeld D (1982) Estimates of Q in central Asia as a function of frequency and depth using the coda of locally recorded earthquakes. Richards PG, Menke W (1983) The apparent attenuation of a scattering medium. Peng JY, Jin A, Aki K (1987) Mente-Carlo simulation of coda formation by discrete scatterers.
Matsunami K (1987) Laboratory tests of the single-and multiple-scattering model for the generation of seismic coda waves. Malin PE (1980) A first-order scattering solution for modelling elastic wave codas, I. Levander AR, Hill NR (1985) P-SV resonances in irregular low-velocity surface layers. Izv Acad Sci USSR, Phys Solid Earth 13:394–398. Kopnichev YF (1977) The role of multiple scattering in the formation of a seismogram’s tail. Herraiz M, Espinosa AF (1987) Coda waves: a review. Gao LS, Shi RB, Hua ZX, Li RX (1986) Q-factor as the function of frequency around different stations within Beijing Seismic Network. Gao LS, Biswas NN, Lee LC, Aki K (1983b) Effects of multiple scattering on coda waves in a three-dimensional medium. Gao LS, Lee LC, Biswas NN, Aki K (1983a) Comparison of the effects between single and multiple-scattering on coda waves for local earthquakes. Gao LS, Li SL (1988) Time domain solution of multiple scattering and the coda envelopes. 131:639–685.įrankel A, Wennerberg (1987) Energy-flux model of seismic coda: separation of scattering and intrinsic attenuation. J Geophys 43:375–388.įrankel A (1989) A review of numerical experiments on seismic wave scattering. J Geophys Res 87:1735–1741.ĭainty AM, Toksoz MN (1977) Elastic wave scattering in highly scattering mediums, a diffusion approach. J Geophys Res 80:3322–3342.īouchon M (1982) The complete synthesis of seismic crustal phases at regional distance. J Geophys Res 85:6496–6501.Īki K, Chouet B (1975) Origin of coda waves: source, attenuation and scattering effects. Phys Earth Planet Interiors 21:50–60.Īki K (1980b) Scattering and attenuation of shear waves in the lithosphere. J Geophys Res 74:615–663.Īki K (1980a) Attenuation of shear-waves in the lithosphere for frequencies from 0.05 to 25 Hz. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īki K (1969) Analysis of the seismic coda of local earthquakes as scattered waves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Therefore, the theoretical results show that precise analyses of coda envelopes and the discrimination of the different Q-factors are essential in detecting underground thermal-fluid activities that may be the precursor of imminent disasters. Considering that intrinsic absorption is very sensitive to changes in temperature, microfractures and the content of fluid within the pores, coda Q should be a good detector of these changes. When the receiver is distant from the source, as the distance increases the scattering attenuation will effect the decay rate of codas more. This conclusion is to simplify matters: the receiver is set very close to the source.
In three-dimensional space the decay rate also reflects mainly the intrinsic absorption but with a certain percentage of scattering attenuation. The solution shows that in the two-dimensional case the coda decay rate may reflect only the intrinsic absorption of the medium. At this moment, the analytical solution for the multiple scattering in two-dimensional space has been obtained, whereas the solution for the three-dimensional space is only a fifth-order approximation which is from the digital computation. After establishing the integral equation, the subsequential method of computation is used to find the solution. The main theoretical basis is the energy transportation computation. This article shows a relatively complete solution for the coda envelopes in the time domain.
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